Contents

home

Text Pages
Tables
Illustrations

Title Page

Abstract

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Introduction

Video, Schools, And Research
Video Cameras In Schools
Video As Methodology

A Cultural-Historical Approach To Education
Material Environments In Social Relations

Objectives And Organization


Chapter 2: Ethnographies Of Video Production

Methods Of Entry And Observation
The Selection Process
Gaining Entry
Description Of The Ethnography
Researcher Participation, Conversations, And Formal Interviews
Other Sources Of Information

Video Production, Schools, And Courses From A Distance
Neighborhoods, Campuses, And Names
Official School Statistics And Stories
Program Affiliations And Official Ideologies
Material Environment And Resources
Production Equipment

Framing Social Relations
Establishing A Place Within Schools
Connections And Their Absences In The Classroom
Equipment Access As Definitive Characteristic

Course Ideologies, Class Activities, And The Material World
Setting A Tone
The Presence Of Bodies In Campuses
Potential Messages
Affordances For Video Production
Participation Of Production Equipment As Mediated by Programs

Chapter 3: Video Projects And Their Students

ProgramIdeologies In Action
Assignments And Preparation
Finished Projects And Their Topics
Official And Unofficial Evaluations

Student Trajectories
The Ownership Of Projects And The Meaning Of Collaboration
Ethnicity, Class, And Gender In Participation
Motives And Un-motives In Resistance And Cooperation

In Search Of Development In Video Production
Unedited Versus Edited Video And The Production Process
The Clarity Of A Message
Coherence
Agency And The Location Of Meaning
Agency In Camera Operation
Postproduction Agency
Technological Proficiency
Aesthetics
Self-Expression
Changes In Video Production Activity And Development

Cases Of Questionable Development
Development In Urban High's "Sex Talk"
Development At Boarding High With Wicket And Jerome
Development In Suburban High's "The Good, The Bad, And The Techies"

Chapter 4: Mediation By The Material

To Transcribe Or Not To Transcribe

Location, Location, Location!

The Meaning Of Bounded Areas
Classrooms
Hallways And The Grounds
Doorways, Windows, And Other Borders
Video Graffiti

Participation Style And The Further Definition Of Places
Extending De Certeau

Cases Of Changing Student-School Relations
Social Relations In Urban High's "Sex Talk"
Social Relations In Suburban High's "The Good, The Bad, And The Techies"
Social Relations At Boarding High With Wicket And Jerome

Chapter 5: Conclusions?

The Meaning Of Video Production

Evaluation Of A Methodology

The Affordances Of Contexs As Active Participants

Space And Video Production
Appendix A: Video Assignments By Course

Appendix B: Focal Students And Focal Projects

Appendix C: Simple Maps Of Campuses And Classrooms

References


Table 1: Observation Schedule

Table 2: Summary Of Official School Statistics

Table 3: Summary Of Program Qualities

Table 4: Numbers Of Projects Observed And Obtained By Course

Table 5: Summary Of Influences On Student Activity In Each Program

Table 6: Number Of Edited And (Unedited) Video Projects By Genre With Distinct Tactics For Broadening Constraints

Table 7: Number Of Edited And (Unedited) Video Project By Course With Distinct Tactics For Broadening Constraints

Table 8: Summary Of Production Activity And Indications Of Development

Table 9: Camera Operator Actions According To The Strategic/Tactical Dichotomy

Table 10: Camera Operator Actions According To Potential Strategic Or Tactical Effect

Table 11: Camera Operator Actions According To The Level Of Solidarity Expressed


Table B1: Descriptions of Focal Students and Their Interviews

Table B2: Video Projects Copied for Analysis
Illstration 1: Stills From Student Projects That Show Urban And Suburban Campuses

Illustration 2: Still Images From Shots That Show Hallways

Illustration 3: Still Images Of The Campus At Boarding High

Illustration 4: Boarding High's Student-Made Murals

Illustration 5: Tiffany And Rachel, in their "Public Service Announcement" about Safe Sex, Project 12,  present a format more similar to a classroom talk

Illustration 6: Examples Of Shots With Aesthetic Value

Illustration 7: In Project 8, Skinny shows with a movement of his arm that he is "downtown" but nothing shows his location

Illustration 8: Project 8, Segment 86, Showing Skinny's Position During Classroom Interviews

Illustration 9: Jerome's Day 1, Shot 1, Project 15, In Which The Mural Becomes A Defining Moment For Wicket's Identity

Illustration 10: Still Shots From Urban High Drunk Driving PSA, Project 9,  showing different positions for recording a car's driver

Illustration 11: Still Shots From Suburban High Drunk Driving Commerical, Project 4, showing different positions for recording a car's driver

Illustration 12: Boarding High Video Graffiti From Project 15

Illustration 13: Wicket's Day 1, Shot 3, of poster that was transformed

Illustration 14: Strategic Displays

Illustration 15: Tactical Displays


Illustration 16: Stills of Turkey, Ed, and Abbey during interviews and off-task shots that demonstrate differences in shot closeness

Illustration 17: The only extreme close-up shot, taken of Rosemary during off-task activity at Urban High

Illustration 18: Skinny asking Lynn to answer a few questions in Interview 1

Illustration 19: The camera operator waiting for student to ready herself for Interview 23

Illustration 20: Interview 2, demonstrating the interviewer's and camera operator's cooperation with interviewee's assertiveness


Illustration 21: Shot in which Skinny lowers himself to mediate height differences


Illustration 22: Shot from Luke's Shot 31 with Strategic Display


Illustration 23: Shots of the teacher, which are routinely taken from far away


Illustration 24: The only shots from Project 5 that contain close-ups


Illustration 25: The difference in the position of the anchor desk



Illustration 26: The interview from Shot 36 in which the interviewees decided on the topics


Illustration 27: Shot 2, Showing Luke's most subjective camera work


Illustration 28: A student offers a comment about being non-white and describes his Mexican music


Illustration 29: Jerome's Shot's 12-14 from Day 1 showing transition between worlds without and with authorities


Illustration 30: Still from Jerome's Day 1, Shot 15, showing increasing distance


Illustration 31: Jerome's Shot 15, Day 1, in which he acts strategically by defining the event, limiting people's participation, and teasing students


Illustration 32: Wicker's Shot 6, Day 1, in which suddern shifts demonstrate chaning positions and relative intimacy



Illustration 33: Various shots that demonstrate serious interest


Illustration 34: Stills from each of the four shots from the edited piece, showing concern with authority


Illustration 35: Wicket's Day 2, Shot 1, of a student running from security